Three kinds of functionally graded tube using A390 alloy at various rotation speeds 400,700 and 1000 rpm with thickness of 2cm were produced by horizontal centrifugal casting, and their microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated and compared. Characteristics and distribution of the primary particles were assessed by the optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and image analyzer software. The hardness and pin-on-disk wear tests along the thickness of samples ...