Reconfiguration optimization of the distribution network to improve reliability by ICA

Reconfiguration optimization of the distribution network to improve reliability by ICA

In this paper, network reconfiguration has been performed to improve reliability. For this reason, four parameters have been considered in objective function: Average of Energy Not Supplied (AENS), System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI), System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI), and Momentary Average Interruption Frequency Index (MAIFI). The nonlinear problem is solved by Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA). Simulation has been performed on IEEE standard system. ...

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Does Priming Improve Seed Performance under Salt and Drought Stress

Does Priming Improve Seed Performance under Salt and Drought Stress

ABSTRACTSeed priming is a pre-sowing strategy for improving seed performance during germination andfield performance. During priming seeds are partially hydrated so that pre-germination activitiesproceed but radical protrusion will be prevented. Thus, when seeds are sown in the field, they cangerminate and emerge sooner. Drought and salinity are two main factors limiting crops growth anddevelopment worldwide. In this paper the potential effects of priming for improving seedperformance under ...

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